Citric Acid Monohydrate

Description

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a naturally occurring organic acid, widely used across
multiple industries for its acidity-regulating properties. It is commonly found in
the food and beverage industry as a flavor enhancer and preservative.
Additionally, citric acid monohydrate is utilized in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,
and cleaning agents for its stabilizing and chelating properties.

Applications and Effect

Pharmaceuticals: in the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an excipient to
improve the stability of active ingredients and as an effervescent agent in
dissolvable tablets, aiding in the quick release of medication.

Specifications

USP

Tests	Specifications
Description	Colorless crystals or white, crystalline powder.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water and very soluble in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol.
Identification	A) solution (1 in 20) responds to the test for Sodium and for citrate. Sodium: A dense precipitate is formed. Citrate: A light red colour is produced.
Alkalinity	No pink colour is produced by 1 drop of phenolphthalein TS.
Water	Between 10.0% and 13.0%. Dry it at 180°C for 18 hours.
Alkalinity	Not more than 0.2 ml of 0.1M hydrochloric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required to change the colour of the indicator.
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Heavy Metals	Not more than 0.001%.
Assay	99.0 % to 100.5 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Appearance	White or almost white, crystalline powder or white or almost white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).
Identification A. Citrates B. Sodium	1. Violet colour, turning to violet-blue is produced. 2. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Identification B. Sodium	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed.
Appearance of Solution	Solution S is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.2 ml of 0.1M hydrochloric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required to change the colour of the indicator.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y2 or GY2.
Chloride	Not more than 50 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Water	11.0 per cent to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.300 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; Slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A. Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B. Sodium	1. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Appearance of Solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Chloride	Not more than 100 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference Solution YS2 or GYS2.
Water	11.0 to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.3 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; Slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A. Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B. Sodium	1. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Appearance of Solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Chloride	Not more than 100 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference Solution YS2 or GYS2.
Water	11.0 to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.3 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; Slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A. Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B. Sodium	1. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Appearance of Solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Chloride	Not more than 100 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference Solution YS2 or GYS2.
Water	11.0 to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.3 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

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Daffodil Pharmachem, Asia’s largest WHO-GMP certified citrate manufacturer, produces over 80 metric tonnes daily, serving trusted global brands across food, pharma, agriculture, and healthcare. Our ingredients quietly enhance products that millions rely on every day—because, for us, chemistry is more than science; it’s our way of Adding Life.

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Citric Acid Monohydrate