Potassium Citrate

Description

Potassium Citrate (also known as Tripotassium Citrate) is the potassium salt of citric acid. It appears as white, granular crystals or a transparent crystalline powder with a characteristic saline taste. It is odourless and hygroscopic in nature, readily absorbing moisture from the surrounding air. One gram dissolves in approximately 0.5 mL of water. It is freely soluble in water, very soluble in boiling water, and practically insoluble in alcohol or ether.

Applications and Effect

Potassium Citrate is primarily employed as a urinary alkalizer in pharmaceutical applications, used to prevent and treat kidney stones (renal calculi) arising from uric acid, calcium oxalate, or cystine. It works by increasing urinary pH and urinary citrate levels, inhibiting the crystallisation and aggregation of stone-forming salts. Each gram provides 9.26 mEq of potassium. In food and beverage applications it acts as a buffer, pH regulator, sequestrant, and emulsifying salt (E332). It is also used as an electrolyte replenisher and in the treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Specifications

USP

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; slightly deliquescent in moist air..
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A – Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B – Potassium	A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid is formed. (Potassium reaction confirmed.)
Appearance of solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 mL of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm.
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm.
Assay	99.0% to 101.0% (on anhydrous basis)

Tests	Specifications
Definition	Contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of tripotassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, calculated on the anhydrous basis.
Appearance	White, granular powder or transparent crystals. Hygroscopic.
Identification A – Citrates	Reaction of citrates: 1. Violet colour, turning to violet-blue is produced. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B – Potassium	Reaction of potassium: A dense, white precipitate is formed..
Solubility	Very soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol (96%).
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.2 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid or 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is required to change the colour of the indicator (phenolphthalein).
Readily Carbonisable Substances	Solution is not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y2 or GY2.
Chloride	Not more than 50 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Water	11.0 per cent to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.300 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; Slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A. Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B. Potassium	1. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Appearance of Solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Chloride	Not more than 100 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference Solution YS2 or GYS2.
Water	11.0 to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.3 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

Tests	Specifications
Description	White, granular crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless; Slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Solubility	Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in ethanol (95%) and in ether.
Identification A. Citrates	1. A dense, white precipitate is formed. 2. A yellow, crystalline precipitate is formed.
Identification B. Sodium	1. A white precipitate soluble in 6M acetic acid.
Appearance of Solution	Solution A is clear and colourless.
Acidity or Alkalinity	Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.05M sulphuric acid or 0.1M sodium Hydroxide is required.
Arsenic	Not more than 2 ppm
Heavy Metals	Not more than 10 ppm
Chloride	Not more than 100 ppm
Oxalate	Not more than 300 ppm (calculated as anhydrous oxalic acid).
Sulphate	Not more than 150 ppm
Tartrate	No crystalline precipitate is formed.
Readily Carbonisable Substances	The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference Solution YS2 or GYS2.
Water	11.0 to 13.0 per cent, determined on 0.3 g.
Assay	99.0 % to 101.0 % (On Anhydrous Basis)

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Potassium Citrate